"-∅" meaning in All languages combined

See -∅ on Wiktionary

Suffix [Alutor]

Head templates: {{head|alr|suffix|tr=-}} -∅
  1. A zero suffix that is the absence of the imperfective suffix -ткы- marks the perfective aspect. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--∅-alr-suffix-jyVGbxya Categories (other): Alutor entries with incorrect language header, Alutor terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Alutor entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Alutor terms in nonstandard scripts: 50 50
  2. A zero suffix that is the absence of a nominal ending such as -ӈа or -ын. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--∅-alr-suffix-0VOndJ-m Categories (other): Alutor entries with incorrect language header, Alutor terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Alutor entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Alutor terms in nonstandard scripts: 50 50
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: ∅-

Suffix [Estonian]

Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Finnic *-n. Cognate with Finnish -n. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|et|urj-fin-pro|*-n|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Finnic *-n, {{inh+|et|urj-fin-pro|*-n}} Inherited from Proto-Finnic *-n, {{cog|fi|-n}} Finnish -n Head templates: {{head|et|suffix}} -∅
  1. A zero suffix. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--∅-et-suffix-o0FfZ7gK Categories (other): Pages with 10 entries, Pages with entries, Estonian entries with incorrect language header, Estonian terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Pages with 10 entries: 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0 Disambiguation of Estonian entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Estonian terms in nonstandard scripts: 50 50
  2. A zero suffix.
    The genitive singular ending for nominals.
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--∅-et-suffix-0JMw2R2H Categories (other): Pages with 10 entries, Pages with entries, Estonian entries with incorrect language header, Estonian terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Pages with 10 entries: 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0 Disambiguation of Estonian entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Estonian terms in nonstandard scripts: 50 50

Suffix [Finnish]

IPA: /-/, [-]
Etymology: Unmarked. Head templates: {{head|fi|suffix|sc=Latn}} -∅
  1. A zero suffix.
    The nominative singular ending for nominals.
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--∅-fi-suffix-dVDytQVw Categories (other): Pages with 10 entries, Pages with entries, Finnish entries with incorrect language header, Finnish terms in nonstandard scripts, Finnish terms with non-redundant manual script codes Disambiguation of Pages with 10 entries: 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0 Disambiguation of Finnish entries with incorrect language header: 27 27 27 8 2 7 Disambiguation of Finnish terms in nonstandard scripts: 26 26 26 9 5 9 Disambiguation of Finnish terms with non-redundant manual script codes: 27 27 27 9 4 8
  2. A zero suffix.
    The third-person singular ending for past tense verbs.
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--∅-fi-suffix-8JKNYZEI Categories (other): Pages with 10 entries, Pages with entries, Finnish entries with incorrect language header, Finnish terms in nonstandard scripts, Finnish terms with non-redundant manual script codes Disambiguation of Pages with 10 entries: 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0 Disambiguation of Finnish entries with incorrect language header: 27 27 27 8 2 7 Disambiguation of Finnish terms in nonstandard scripts: 26 26 26 9 5 9 Disambiguation of Finnish terms with non-redundant manual script codes: 27 27 27 9 4 8
  3. A zero suffix.
    The positive degree ending for adjectives.
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--∅-fi-suffix-c6vKriM5 Categories (other): Pages with 10 entries, Pages with entries, Finnish entries with incorrect language header, Finnish terms in nonstandard scripts, Finnish terms with non-redundant manual script codes Disambiguation of Pages with 10 entries: 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0 Disambiguation of Finnish entries with incorrect language header: 27 27 27 8 2 7 Disambiguation of Finnish terms in nonstandard scripts: 26 26 26 9 5 9 Disambiguation of Finnish terms with non-redundant manual script codes: 27 27 27 9 4 8
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix [Finnish]

IPA: /-ˣ/, [-(ʔ)]
Etymology: From Proto-Finnic *-k. Etymology templates: {{etymid|fi|k-lative}}, {{inh|fi|urj-fin-pro|*-k|id=lative}} Proto-Finnic *-k Head templates: {{head|fi|suffix|sc=Latn}} -∅
  1. The k-lative suffix. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--∅-fi-suffix-yXIdDRGD
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix [Finnish]

IPA: /-ˣ/, [-(ʔ)], /-/, [-]
Etymology: From Proto-Finnic *-k, from Proto-Uralic *-k. Etymology templates: {{etymid|fi|verb ending}}, {{inh|fi|urj-fin-pro|*-k|id=verb ending}} Proto-Finnic *-k, {{inh|fi|urj-pro|*-k}} Proto-Uralic *-k Head templates: {{head|fi|suffix|sc=Latn}} -∅
  1. The second-person singular imperative ending. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--∅-fi-suffix-8BjyXoKA
  2. The connegative ending. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--∅-fi-suffix-ibxf2Rt0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Suffix [German]

Etymology: Apocope of the final vowel in the nominative singular form. Etymology templates: {{etymid|de|personal noun suffix}} Head templates: {{head|de|suffix}} -∅
  1. Alternative form of -e (“deriving personal nouns”) Tags: alt-of, alternative, morpheme Alternative form of: -e (extra: deriving personal nouns)
    Sense id: en--∅-de-suffix--R6TssbH
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix [German]

Etymology: Apocope of -e (“dative singular ending”). Head templates: {{head|de|suffix}} -∅
  1. used to form the dative of strong masculine and neuter nouns ending in a stressed syllable Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -e [archaic]
    Sense id: en--∅-de-suffix-m7Tq4hx4 Categories (other): German entries with incorrect language header, German terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of German entries with incorrect language header: 31 69 Disambiguation of German terms in nonstandard scripts: 34 66
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix [Hungarian]

Head templates: {{head|hu|suffix}} -∅
  1. (linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:
    third-person singular indefinite form of verbs in the indicative and conditional moods (but not in the subjunctive)
    Tags: form-of, indefinite, morpheme, singular, third-person Form of: verbs in the indicative and conditional moods (extra: but not in the subjunctive) Categories (topical): Linguistics
    Sense id: en--∅-hu-suffix-en6veayy Categories (other): Pages with 10 entries, Pages with entries, Hungarian entries with incorrect language header, Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Pages with 10 entries: 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0 Disambiguation of Hungarian entries with incorrect language header: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Disambiguation of Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
  2. (linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:
    (optionally) a form of the subjunctive/imperative suffix -j in the second-person singular definite short forms of most verbs
    Tags: morpheme Categories (topical): Linguistics
    Sense id: en--∅-hu-suffix-53oZqPPZ Categories (other): Pages with 10 entries, Pages with entries, Hungarian entries with incorrect language header, Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Pages with 10 entries: 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0 Disambiguation of Hungarian entries with incorrect language header: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Disambiguation of Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
  3. (linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:
    at the end of the short form of the second-person singular indefinite subjunctive/imperative (more common than the long-form ending in -ál/-él)
    Tags: morpheme Categories (topical): Linguistics
    Sense id: en--∅-hu-suffix-Wr521k01 Categories (other): Pages with 10 entries, Pages with entries, Hungarian entries with incorrect language header, Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Pages with 10 entries: 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0 Disambiguation of Hungarian entries with incorrect language header: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Disambiguation of Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
  4. (linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:
    at the end of the short form of the second-person singular indefinite subjunctive/imperative (more common than the long-form ending in -ál/-él)
    also with a long stem vowel in some sz-stem verbs (tesz → tégy, vesz → végy, visz → vígy), though the long form is more common for these verbs
    Tags: morpheme Categories (topical): Linguistics
    Sense id: en--∅-hu-suffix-nMEGSpyh Categories (other): Pages with 10 entries, Pages with entries, Hungarian entries with incorrect language header, Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Pages with 10 entries: 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0 Disambiguation of Hungarian entries with incorrect language header: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Disambiguation of Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
  5. (linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:
    (rare) the second-person singular indicative present at the end of certain verbs (van → vagy and dialectally megy → mégy)
    Tags: morpheme, rare Categories (topical): Linguistics
    Sense id: en--∅-hu-suffix-aTF4oL2z Categories (other): Pages with 10 entries, Pages with entries, Hungarian entries with incorrect language header, Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Pages with 10 entries: 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0 Disambiguation of Hungarian entries with incorrect language header: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Disambiguation of Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
  6. (linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:
    the nominative singular form of nouns, adjectives, numerals, (present, past, and future) participles, and pronouns
    Tags: morpheme Categories (topical): Linguistics
    Sense id: en--∅-hu-suffix-QK0Aabzk Categories (other): Pages with 10 entries, Pages with entries, Hungarian entries with incorrect language header, Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Pages with 10 entries: 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0 Disambiguation of Hungarian entries with incorrect language header: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Disambiguation of Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
  7. (linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:
    (optionally) the accusative suffix after first- and second-person possessive suffixes, chiefly in the singular, as well as in engem and téged
    Tags: morpheme Categories (topical): Linguistics
    Sense id: en--∅-hu-suffix-VBIQhEn5 Categories (other): Pages with 10 entries, Pages with entries, Hungarian entries with incorrect language header, Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Pages with 10 entries: 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0 Disambiguation of Hungarian entries with incorrect language header: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Disambiguation of Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
  8. (linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:
    the positive degree of adjectives
    Tags: morpheme Categories (topical): Linguistics
    Sense id: en--∅-hu-suffix-UKplmmLc Categories (other): Pages with 10 entries, Pages with entries, Hungarian entries with incorrect language header, Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Pages with 10 entries: 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0 Disambiguation of Hungarian entries with incorrect language header: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Disambiguation of Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts: 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: [symbol]

Suffix [Kalmyk]

Etymology: From the fact that no true third person pronoun existed, so it was not put word-finally like other personal markers such as -в (-v), -ч (-ç), etc. Head templates: {{head|xal|suffix}} -∅
  1. (predicative) Used as a third-person copula, meaning ‘He/she/it/they is/are …’ Tags: morpheme, predicative Synonyms: болх
    Sense id: en--∅-xal-suffix-bP1EeHM3
  2. (predicative) A third-person singular verbal suffix. Tags: morpheme, predicative
    Sense id: en--∅-xal-suffix-nXOZVfia
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix [Kalmyk]

IPA: /ə/
Etymology: Root form of the verb (without the -х (-x) suffix in the dictionary form). Head templates: {{head|xal|suffix}} -∅
  1. Indicates the imperative. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--∅-xal-suffix-8G~qvqJi Categories (other): Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header, Kalmyk terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header: 11 28 61 Disambiguation of Kalmyk terms in nonstandard scripts: 16 27 57
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix [Mongolian]

Etymology: Used where -и (-i) would imply the palatalization of с (s) to ш (š) or ц (c) to ч (č). Head templates: {{mn-suffix}} -∅
  1. A zero suffix used in place of Russian -ия (-ija) in loanwords with stems ending in с (s) or ц (c). Tags: morpheme

Suffix [Russian]

Head templates: {{head|ru|suffix}} -∅
  1. Indicates the genitive plural of first-declension and neuter second-declension nouns: Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--∅-ru-suffix-TYmysreX Categories (other): Russian links with redundant target parameters, Russian terms in nonstandard scripts, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 60 40 Disambiguation of Russian terms in nonstandard scripts: 51 49
  2. Deverbal suffix: (for some verbs) Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--∅-ru-suffix-RLlYYRe9 Categories (other): Russian terms in nonstandard scripts, Russian terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Russian terms in nonstandard scripts: 51 49

Suffix [Skolt Sami]

Etymology: From Proto-Samic *-ō. Etymology templates: {{inh|sms|smi-pro|*-ō}} Proto-Samic *-ō Head templates: {{head|sms|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}} -∅
  1. Forms result or action nouns from verbs. Tags: morpheme

Suffix [Translingual]

Head templates: {{head|mul|suffix}} -∅
  1. (linguistic morphology) Representation of the zero suffix. Tags: morpheme Categories (topical): Linguistic morphology Related terms: ∅-
{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mul",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Translingual",
  "lang_code": "mul",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "mul",
          "name": "Linguistic morphology",
          "orig": "mul:Linguistic morphology",
          "parents": [
            "Linguistics",
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Representation of the zero suffix."
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-mul-suffix-6RXzlJ8c",
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistic",
          "linguistic"
        ],
        [
          "morphology",
          "morphology"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistic morphology) Representation of the zero suffix."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "∅-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistic-morphology",
        "linguistics",
        "morphology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alr",
        "2": "suffix",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Alutor",
  "lang_code": "alr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "∅-"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Alutor entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Alutor terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I am drinking tea",
          "text": "тысаюткык (тысаю-ткы-к)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I drank tea",
          "text": "тысаюк (тысаю-Ø-к)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix that is the absence of the imperfective suffix -ткы- marks the perfective aspect."
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-alr-suffix-jyVGbxya",
      "links": [
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ],
        [
          "-ткы-",
          "-ткы-#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Alutor entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Alutor terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "\"knife\"",
          "text": "вала (вала-Ø)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "\"husband\"",
          "text": "ӄылавул (ӄылавулa-Ø)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix that is the absence of a nominal ending such as -ӈа or -ын."
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-alr-suffix-0VOndJ-m",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ӈа",
          "-ӈа#English"
        ],
        [
          "-ын",
          "-ын#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*-n",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-n",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*-n"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Finnic *-n",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "-n"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish -n",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Finnic *-n. Cognate with Finnish -n.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Estonian",
  "lang_code": "et",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Estonian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix."
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-et-suffix-o0FfZ7gK",
      "links": [
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Estonian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix.",
        "The genitive singular ending for nominals."
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-et-suffix-0JMw2R2H",
      "links": [
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_text": "Unmarked.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "suffix",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Finnish",
  "lang_code": "fi",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 27 8 2 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 26 26 9 5 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 27 9 4 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix.",
        "The nominative singular ending for nominals."
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-fi-suffix-dVDytQVw",
      "links": [
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 27 8 2 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 26 26 9 5 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 27 9 4 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix.",
        "The third-person singular ending for past tense verbs."
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-fi-suffix-8JKNYZEI",
      "links": [
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 27 8 2 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 26 26 9 5 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 27 9 4 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix.",
        "The positive degree ending for adjectives."
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-fi-suffix-c6vKriM5",
      "links": [
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "k-lative"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*-k",
        "id": "lative"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-k",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-k.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "suffix",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Finnish",
  "lang_code": "fi",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The k-lative suffix."
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-fi-suffix-yXIdDRGD",
      "links": [
        [
          "k-lative",
          "Appendix:Finnish adverbial cases#k-lative"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-ˣ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-(ʔ)]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "verb ending"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*-k",
        "id": "verb ending"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-k",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*-k"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-k",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-k, from Proto-Uralic *-k.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "suffix",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Finnish",
  "lang_code": "fi",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The second-person singular imperative ending."
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-fi-suffix-8BjyXoKA",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The connegative ending."
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-fi-suffix-ibxf2Rt0",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-ˣ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-(ʔ)]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "personal noun suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Apocope of the final vowel in the nominative singular form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "deriving personal nouns",
          "word": "-e"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Latin catholicus → Katholik (compare Kathole with -e)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -e (“deriving personal nouns”)"
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-de-suffix--R6TssbH",
      "links": [
        [
          "-e",
          "-e#German:_personal_noun_suffix"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "Apocope of -e (“dative singular ending”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 69",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "das Haus → dem Haus, (archaic or poetic) dem Hause (but usually with -e in zu Hause and aus dem Hause)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form the dative of strong masculine and neuter nouns ending in a stressed syllable"
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-de-suffix-m7Tq4hx4",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "archaic"
          ],
          "word": "-e"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Hungarian",
  "lang_code": "hu",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "raw_tags": [
        "of omission"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "symbol"
      ],
      "word": "’"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "hu",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "hu:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "but not in the subjunctive",
          "word": "verbs in the indicative and conditional moods"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "third-person singular indefinite form of verbs in the indicative and conditional moods (but not in the subjunctive)"
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-hu-suffix-en6veayy",
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "third-person singular indefinite form of verbs in the indicative and conditional moods (but not in the subjunctive)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indefinite",
        "morpheme",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "hu",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "hu:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "a form of the subjunctive/imperative suffix -j in the second-person singular definite short forms of most verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-hu-suffix-53oZqPPZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ],
        [
          "-j",
          "-j#Hungarian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "(optionally) a form of the subjunctive/imperative suffix -j in the second-person singular definite short forms of most verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "hu",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "hu:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "at the end of the short form of the second-person singular indefinite subjunctive/imperative (more common than the long-form ending in -ál/-él)"
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-hu-suffix-Wr521k01",
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "at the end of the short form of the second-person singular indefinite subjunctive/imperative (more common than the long-form ending in -ál/-él)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "hu",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "hu:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "at the end of the short form of the second-person singular indefinite subjunctive/imperative (more common than the long-form ending in -ál/-él)",
        "also with a long stem vowel in some sz-stem verbs (tesz → tégy, vesz → végy, visz → vígy), though the long form is more common for these verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-hu-suffix-nMEGSpyh",
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ],
        [
          "tesz",
          "tesz#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "tégy",
          "tégy#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "vesz",
          "vesz#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "végy",
          "végy#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "visz",
          "visz#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "vígy",
          "vígy#Hungarian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "at the end of the short form of the second-person singular indefinite subjunctive/imperative (more common than the long-form ending in -ál/-él)",
        "also with a long stem vowel in some sz-stem verbs (tesz → tégy, vesz → végy, visz → vígy), though the long form is more common for these verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "hu",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "hu:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "the second-person singular indicative present at the end of certain verbs (van → vagy and dialectally megy → mégy)"
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-hu-suffix-aTF4oL2z",
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ],
        [
          "van",
          "van#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "vagy",
          "vagy#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "megy",
          "megy#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "mégy",
          "mégy#Hungarian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "(rare) the second-person singular indicative present at the end of certain verbs (van → vagy and dialectally megy → mégy)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "rare"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "hu",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "hu:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "the nominative singular form of nouns, adjectives, numerals, (present, past, and future) participles, and pronouns"
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-hu-suffix-QK0Aabzk",
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "the nominative singular form of nouns, adjectives, numerals, (present, past, and future) participles, and pronouns"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "hu",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "hu:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "the accusative suffix after first- and second-person possessive suffixes, chiefly in the singular, as well as in engem and téged"
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-hu-suffix-VBIQhEn5",
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ],
        [
          "engem",
          "engem#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "téged",
          "téged#Hungarian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "(optionally) the accusative suffix after first- and second-person possessive suffixes, chiefly in the singular, as well as in engem and téged"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "hu",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "hu:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 2 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 7 7 7 7 7 1 0 2 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "the positive degree of adjectives"
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-hu-suffix-UKplmmLc",
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "the positive degree of adjectives"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_text": "From the fact that no true third person pronoun existed, so it was not put word-finally like other personal markers such as -в (-v), -ч (-ç), etc.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Kalmyk",
  "lang_code": "xal",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Used as a third-person copula, meaning ‘He/she/it/they is/are …’"
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-xal-suffix-bP1EeHM3",
      "links": [
        [
          "He",
          "He#English"
        ],
        [
          "she",
          "she#English"
        ],
        [
          "it",
          "it#English"
        ],
        [
          "they",
          "they#English"
        ],
        [
          "is",
          "is#English"
        ],
        [
          "are",
          "are#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(predicative) Used as a third-person copula, meaning ‘He/she/it/they is/are …’"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "болх"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He/she/it says",
          "roman": "En kelnä",
          "text": "Эн келнә",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A third-person singular verbal suffix."
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-xal-suffix-nXOZVfia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(predicative) A third-person singular verbal suffix."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "predicative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "Root form of the verb (without the -х (-x) suffix in the dictionary form).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Kalmyk",
  "lang_code": "xal",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 28 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 27 57",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kalmyk terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Speak!",
          "roman": "Kel!",
          "text": "Кел!",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates the imperative."
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-xal-suffix-8G~qvqJi",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ə/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "etymology_text": "Used where -и (-i) would imply the palatalization of с (s) to ш (š) or ц (c) to ч (č).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "mn-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Mongolian",
  "lang_code": "mn",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mongolian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mongolian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mongolian terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Alternative form: -и (-i)"
        },
        {
          "text": "Russian фу́нкция (fúnkcija, “function”) + -∅ → Mongolian функц (funkc, “function”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix used in place of Russian -ия (-ija) in loanwords with stems ending in с (s) or ц (c)."
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-mn-suffix-Rc5wDAgX",
      "links": [
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ],
        [
          "-ия",
          "-ия#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "loanword",
          "loanword#English"
        ],
        [
          "stem",
          "stem#English"
        ],
        [
          "с",
          "с#Mongolian"
        ],
        [
          "ц",
          "ц#Mongolian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "60 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "кни́га (kníga, “book”) + -∅ → книг (knig, “…of [the] books”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ме́сто (mésto, “place”) + -∅ → мест (mest, “…of [the] places”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates the genitive plural of first-declension and neuter second-declension nouns"
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-ru-suffix-TYmysreX",
      "links": [
        [
          "genitive",
          "genitive#English"
        ],
        [
          "first-declension",
          "w:Russian_declension#First_declension"
        ],
        [
          "neuter second-declension",
          "w:Russian_declension#Second_declension_–_neuter_nouns"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Indicates the genitive plural of first-declension and neuter second-declension nouns:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "выходи́ть (vyxodítʹ, “to exit”) + -∅ → вы́ход (výxod, “exit”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal suffix: (for some verbs)"
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-ru-suffix-RLlYYRe9",
      "links": [
        [
          "Deverbal",
          "w:Deverbal"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sms",
        "2": "smi-pro",
        "3": "*-ō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Samic *-ō",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Samic *-ō.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sms",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Skolt Sami",
  "lang_code": "sms",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Skolt Sami entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Skolt Sami terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms result or action nouns from verbs."
      ],
      "id": "en--∅-sms-suffix-YkLy-uhl",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Alutor entries with incorrect language header",
    "Alutor lemmas",
    "Alutor suffixes",
    "Alutor terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alr",
        "2": "suffix",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Alutor",
  "lang_code": "alr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "∅-"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Alutor terms with usage examples",
        "Requests for transliteration of Alutor usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I am drinking tea",
          "text": "тысаюткык (тысаю-ткы-к)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I drank tea",
          "text": "тысаюк (тысаю-Ø-к)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix that is the absence of the imperfective suffix -ткы- marks the perfective aspect."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ],
        [
          "-ткы-",
          "-ткы-#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Alutor terms with usage examples",
        "Requests for transliteration of Alutor usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "\"knife\"",
          "text": "вала (вала-Ø)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "\"husband\"",
          "text": "ӄылавул (ӄылавулa-Ø)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix that is the absence of a nominal ending such as -ӈа or -ын."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ӈа",
          "-ӈа#English"
        ],
        [
          "-ын",
          "-ын#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Estonian lemmas",
    "Estonian suffixes",
    "Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
    "Estonian terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*-n",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-n",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*-n"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Finnic *-n",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "-n"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish -n",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Finnic *-n. Cognate with Finnish -n.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Estonian",
  "lang_code": "et",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix.",
        "The genitive singular ending for nominals."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Finnish lemmas",
    "Finnish suffixes",
    "Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
    "Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
    "Finnish terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
    "Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
    "Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Finnish terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_text": "Unmarked.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "suffix",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Finnish",
  "lang_code": "fi",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix.",
        "The nominative singular ending for nominals."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix.",
        "The third-person singular ending for past tense verbs."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix.",
        "The positive degree ending for adjectives."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Finnish lemmas",
    "Finnish suffixes",
    "Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
    "Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
    "Finnish terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
    "Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
    "Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Finnish terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "k-lative"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*-k",
        "id": "lative"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-k",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-k.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "suffix",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Finnish",
  "lang_code": "fi",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The k-lative suffix."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "k-lative",
          "Appendix:Finnish adverbial cases#k-lative"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-ˣ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-(ʔ)]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Finnish lemmas",
    "Finnish suffixes",
    "Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
    "Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
    "Finnish terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
    "Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
    "Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Finnish terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "verb ending"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*-k",
        "id": "verb ending"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-k",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*-k"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-k",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-k, from Proto-Uralic *-k.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "suffix",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Finnish",
  "lang_code": "fi",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The second-person singular imperative ending."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The connegative ending."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-ˣ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-(ʔ)]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "German entries with incorrect language header",
    "German lemmas",
    "German suffixes",
    "German terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "personal noun suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Apocope of the final vowel in the nominative singular form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "deriving personal nouns",
          "word": "-e"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Latin catholicus → Katholik (compare Kathole with -e)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -e (“deriving personal nouns”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-e",
          "-e#German:_personal_noun_suffix"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "German entries with incorrect language header",
    "German lemmas",
    "German suffixes",
    "German terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "Apocope of -e (“dative singular ending”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "German poetic terms",
        "German terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "das Haus → dem Haus, (archaic or poetic) dem Hause (but usually with -e in zu Hause and aus dem Hause)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form the dative of strong masculine and neuter nouns ending in a stressed syllable"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "archaic"
          ],
          "word": "-e"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Hungarian lemmas",
    "Hungarian suffixes",
    "Hungarian terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Hungarian",
  "lang_code": "hu",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "of omission"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "symbol"
      ],
      "word": "’"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "hu:Linguistics"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "but not in the subjunctive",
          "word": "verbs in the indicative and conditional moods"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "third-person singular indefinite form of verbs in the indicative and conditional moods (but not in the subjunctive)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "third-person singular indefinite form of verbs in the indicative and conditional moods (but not in the subjunctive)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indefinite",
        "morpheme",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "hu:Linguistics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "a form of the subjunctive/imperative suffix -j in the second-person singular definite short forms of most verbs"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ],
        [
          "-j",
          "-j#Hungarian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "(optionally) a form of the subjunctive/imperative suffix -j in the second-person singular definite short forms of most verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "hu:Linguistics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "at the end of the short form of the second-person singular indefinite subjunctive/imperative (more common than the long-form ending in -ál/-él)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "at the end of the short form of the second-person singular indefinite subjunctive/imperative (more common than the long-form ending in -ál/-él)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "hu:Linguistics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "at the end of the short form of the second-person singular indefinite subjunctive/imperative (more common than the long-form ending in -ál/-él)",
        "also with a long stem vowel in some sz-stem verbs (tesz → tégy, vesz → végy, visz → vígy), though the long form is more common for these verbs"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ],
        [
          "tesz",
          "tesz#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "tégy",
          "tégy#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "vesz",
          "vesz#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "végy",
          "végy#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "visz",
          "visz#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "vígy",
          "vígy#Hungarian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "at the end of the short form of the second-person singular indefinite subjunctive/imperative (more common than the long-form ending in -ál/-él)",
        "also with a long stem vowel in some sz-stem verbs (tesz → tégy, vesz → végy, visz → vígy), though the long form is more common for these verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Hungarian terms with rare senses",
        "hu:Linguistics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "the second-person singular indicative present at the end of certain verbs (van → vagy and dialectally megy → mégy)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ],
        [
          "van",
          "van#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "vagy",
          "vagy#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "megy",
          "megy#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "mégy",
          "mégy#Hungarian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "(rare) the second-person singular indicative present at the end of certain verbs (van → vagy and dialectally megy → mégy)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "rare"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "hu:Linguistics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "the nominative singular form of nouns, adjectives, numerals, (present, past, and future) participles, and pronouns"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "the nominative singular form of nouns, adjectives, numerals, (present, past, and future) participles, and pronouns"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "hu:Linguistics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "the accusative suffix after first- and second-person possessive suffixes, chiefly in the singular, as well as in engem and téged"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ],
        [
          "engem",
          "engem#Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "téged",
          "téged#Hungarian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "(optionally) the accusative suffix after first- and second-person possessive suffixes, chiefly in the singular, as well as in engem and téged"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "hu:Linguistics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "the positive degree of adjectives"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:",
        "the positive degree of adjectives"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header",
    "Kalmyk lemmas",
    "Kalmyk suffixes",
    "Kalmyk terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_text": "From the fact that no true third person pronoun existed, so it was not put word-finally like other personal markers such as -в (-v), -ч (-ç), etc.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Kalmyk",
  "lang_code": "xal",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Used as a third-person copula, meaning ‘He/she/it/they is/are …’"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "He",
          "He#English"
        ],
        [
          "she",
          "she#English"
        ],
        [
          "it",
          "it#English"
        ],
        [
          "they",
          "they#English"
        ],
        [
          "is",
          "is#English"
        ],
        [
          "are",
          "are#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(predicative) Used as a third-person copula, meaning ‘He/she/it/they is/are …’"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "болх"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Kalmyk terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He/she/it says",
          "roman": "En kelnä",
          "text": "Эн келнә",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A third-person singular verbal suffix."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(predicative) A third-person singular verbal suffix."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "predicative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header",
    "Kalmyk lemmas",
    "Kalmyk suffixes",
    "Kalmyk terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "Root form of the verb (without the -х (-x) suffix in the dictionary form).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Kalmyk",
  "lang_code": "xal",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Kalmyk terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Speak!",
          "roman": "Kel!",
          "text": "Кел!",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates the imperative."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ə/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "etymology_text": "Used where -и (-i) would imply the palatalization of с (s) to ш (š) or ц (c) to ч (č).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "mn-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Mongolian",
  "lang_code": "mn",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Mongolian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Mongolian lemmas",
        "Mongolian suffixes",
        "Mongolian terms in nonstandard scripts",
        "Mongolian terms with redundant script codes",
        "Pages with 10 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Alternative form: -и (-i)"
        },
        {
          "text": "Russian фу́нкция (fúnkcija, “function”) + -∅ → Mongolian функц (funkc, “function”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A zero suffix used in place of Russian -ия (-ija) in loanwords with stems ending in с (s) or ц (c)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ],
        [
          "-ия",
          "-ия#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "loanword",
          "loanword#English"
        ],
        [
          "stem",
          "stem#English"
        ],
        [
          "с",
          "с#Mongolian"
        ],
        [
          "ц",
          "ц#Mongolian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian suffixes",
    "Russian terms in nonstandard scripts"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian links with redundant target parameters",
        "Russian terms in nonstandard scripts"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "кни́га (kníga, “book”) + -∅ → книг (knig, “…of [the] books”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ме́сто (mésto, “place”) + -∅ → мест (mest, “…of [the] places”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Indicates the genitive plural of first-declension and neuter second-declension nouns"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "genitive",
          "genitive#English"
        ],
        [
          "first-declension",
          "w:Russian_declension#First_declension"
        ],
        [
          "neuter second-declension",
          "w:Russian_declension#Second_declension_–_neuter_nouns"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Indicates the genitive plural of first-declension and neuter second-declension nouns:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms in nonstandard scripts"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "выходи́ть (vyxodítʹ, “to exit”) + -∅ → вы́ход (výxod, “exit”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal suffix: (for some verbs)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Deverbal",
          "w:Deverbal"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sms",
        "2": "smi-pro",
        "3": "*-ō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Samic *-ō",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Samic *-ō.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sms",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Skolt Sami",
  "lang_code": "sms",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 10 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Skolt Sami entries with incorrect language header",
        "Skolt Sami lemmas",
        "Skolt Sami noun-forming suffixes",
        "Skolt Sami suffixes",
        "Skolt Sami terms derived from Proto-Samic",
        "Skolt Sami terms in nonstandard scripts",
        "Skolt Sami terms inherited from Proto-Samic"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms result or action nouns from verbs."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mul",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-∅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Translingual",
  "lang_code": "mul",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "∅-"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 10 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
        "Translingual lemmas",
        "Translingual suffixes",
        "mul:Linguistic morphology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Representation of the zero suffix."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistic",
          "linguistic"
        ],
        [
          "morphology",
          "morphology"
        ],
        [
          "zero suffix",
          "zero suffix#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistic morphology) Representation of the zero suffix."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistic-morphology",
        "linguistics",
        "morphology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-∅"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -∅ meaning in All languages combined (19.6kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: not represented in writing",
  "path": [
    "-∅"
  ],
  "section": "Estonian",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-∅",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: not represented in writing",
  "path": [
    "-∅"
  ],
  "section": "Finnish",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-∅",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: not represented in writing",
  "path": [
    "-∅"
  ],
  "section": "Finnish",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-∅",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: not represented in writing",
  "path": [
    "-∅"
  ],
  "section": "Finnish",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-∅",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: not represented in writing",
  "path": [
    "-∅"
  ],
  "section": "German",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-∅",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: not represented in writing",
  "path": [
    "-∅"
  ],
  "section": "German",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-∅",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: optionally",
  "path": [
    "-∅"
  ],
  "section": "Hungarian",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-∅",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: optionally",
  "path": [
    "-∅"
  ],
  "section": "Hungarian",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-∅",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: optionally",
  "path": [
    "-∅"
  ],
  "section": "Hungarian",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-∅",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: optionally",
  "path": [
    "-∅"
  ],
  "section": "Hungarian",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-∅",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.